Male external reproductive disorders primarily involve the penis and testicles, affecting sexual function and fertility. The testicles produce testosterone and sperm; disorders can lead to hormonal issues and infertility. Common

The bladder is a hollow organ that stores urine. Common conditions include cystitis, urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, interstitial cystitis, and bladder cancer. Diagnosis may involve urine tests, imaging, and cystoscopy.

The urinary bladder is a muscular pelvic organ that stores urine from the kidneys via the ureters. It holds 400–600 mL and expels urine through the urethra during urination. Common

The ureters are muscular tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder, typically 20–30 cm long and lined with transitional epithelium. Conditions affecting them include infections, stones, strictures,

Renal surgical interventions address conditions like kidney stones, cysts, tumors, and obstructions. Treatments include non-invasive shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), PCNL, Mini Perc, and RIRS for stones; laparoscopic cyst decortication for cysts;

The prostate is a walnut-sized gland below the bladder, encircling the urethra, and produces fluid essential for sperm function. Common conditions include prostatitis (inflammation), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate